A data buffer for exporting data from libgit2

Sometimes libgit2 wants to return an allocated data buffer to the caller and have the caller take responsibility for freeing that memory. This can be awkward if the caller does not have easy access to the same allocation functions that libgit2 is using. In those cases, libgit2 will fill in a git_buf and the caller can use git_buf_free() to release it when they are done.

A git_buf may also be used for the caller to pass in a reference to a block of memory they hold. In this case, libgit2 will not resize or free the memory, but will read from it as needed.

A git_buf is a public structure with three fields:

• ptr points to the start of the allocated memory. If it is NULL, then the git_buf is considered empty and libgit2 will feel free to overwrite it with new data.

• size holds the size (in bytes) of the data that is actually used.

• asize holds the known total amount of allocated memory if the ptr was allocated by libgit2. It may be larger than size. If ptr was not allocated by libgit2 and should not be resized and/or freed, then asize will be set to zero.

Some APIs may occasionally do something slightly unusual with a buffer, such as setting ptr to a value that was passed in by the user. In those cases, the behavior will be clearly documented by the API.